Considering that many people are not familiar with the field of microphones, let's take you to re-understand the microphone.

First, how does the microphone work?

The microphone works without being complicated, by converting the sound signal into an electrical signal, then transmitting the current to the amplifier, and finally turning the fluctuating current into sound in an opposite way.

Camera microphone

Second, the classification of microphones

In general, according to the working principle of the microphone, the microphone can be divided into two types: condenser type and dynamic type.

The microphone head of the condenser microphone is composed of two layers of metal film, and the different spacing between the films produces different capacitance, so it is called a condenser microphone. Condenser microphones are highly directed, and most of the microphones we see in the studio are condenser microphones.

Dynamic microphone is based on the principle of electromagnetic induction, the use of coils in the magnetic field to cut the magnetic induction line, the sound signal into an electrical signal process. The sensitivity of dynamic microphones is not as high as that of capacitive, so most of them will be used for stage performances and so on.

Third, the index parameters that need to be paid attention to when purchasing

To distinguish between good and bad microphones, you need to pay attention to the following parameters:

1. Sensitivity

Sensitivity refers to the acoustic-electrical conversion efficiency of a microphone in millivolts/pa. A microphone with high sensitivity can provide higher input levels, resulting in an improved signal-to-noise ratio.

2. Directivity

The directivity of the microphone refers to the pickup range of the microphone, and the microphone with different directivity is suitable for different use needs.

(1) Full direction: It can pick up the sound source within 360 degrees around the microphone, which is especially suitable for use in recording environments such as chorus.

(2) Cardioid pointing: The most common pickup, which can maximize the pickup of the sound source in front of it, and can suppress the sound of the rear and side. These microphones are also the most common microphones.

(3) Character pointing pointing: Effectively pick up the sound before and after the microphone, suitable for recording duet singing.

In addition, there are strong cardiac pointing and supercardiac pointing for long-distance pickup, which will not be described here.